Darulifta Ahlesunnat
(Dawateislami)
Question
What do the noble scholars say about the following matter: It is common knowledge that praying Nafl prayers after Fajr and Asr is not allowed, but what about those prayers that have become Wajib upon us to repeat? Is it allowed to repeat them after these 2 prayers?
بِسْمِ اللہِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ
اَلْجَوَابُ بِعَوْنِ الْمَلِکِ الْوَھَّابِ اَللّٰھُمَّ ھِدَایَۃَ الْحَقِّ وَالصَّوَابِ
It is permissible to offer a Wajib al-I’ada Salah (prayers that must be repeated) after Fajr and ‘Asr if one has the surety or Zann-e-Ghalib (overwhelming assumption) that a Wajib was missed or that the prayer became Makruh Tahrimi. If he is not sure about either of these things, rather has a slight doubt and he wants to repeat his prayer just as a precaution, it is not allowed for him to repeat the prayer after Fajr or ‘Asr.
The details are as follows: It is allowed to offer a missed Fard prayer after Fajr and Asr but offering a Nafl prayer is not allowed. As for Wajib prayers, there are two types:
1. Wajib Li ‘Ainihi
2. Wajib Li Ghairihi
Wajib Li Gairihi has the same ruling as Nafl prayers. For example, if one starts a Nafl prayer but abandons it before finishing, he won't be allowed to make it up after Fajr or ‘Asr. As for Wajib Li ‘Ainihi prayers such as Witr, they are treated like Fard prayers and can be made up after Fajr and ‘Asr.
Regarding the impermissibility of offering Nafl Salah after Fajr and ‘Asr, it is narrated in Sahih al-Bukhari from Abu Saeed Khudri رضى الله تعالى عنه that he said, “I hear the Holy Prophet صلى الله تعالى عليه وسلم say:
لا صلاة بعد الصبح حتى ترتفع الشمس، ولا صلاة بعد العصر حتى تغيب الشمس
Translation: There is no (nafl) prayer after Fajr until the sun rises, and there is no (nafl) prayer after ‘Asr until the sun sets.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith No. 586, Vol. 1, p. 121, Publ. Dar Tauq al-Najah)
It is stated in Durr al-Mukhtar:
(وکرہ نفل) قصداً (کل ما کان واجباً لغیره کمنذور و رکعتی طواف و الذی شرع فیه ثم افسد بعد صلاۃ فجر وعصر، لا) یکره (قضاء فائتة و) لو وتراً او (سجدۃ تلاوۃ وصلاۃ جنازۃ، وکذا) الحکم من کراھة نفل و واجب لغیرہ لا فرض وواجب لعینه (بعد طلوع فجر سوی سنته)
(Durr al-Mukhtar Ma’a Radd al-Muhtar Multaqit, Vol. 2, pp. 44-45, Publ. Dar Alam al-Kutub)
It is stated in Hashiya Tahtawi ‘Ala Maraqi al-Falah:
ويكره التنفل بعد طلوع الفجر أي قصدا، ومثل النافلة في هذا الحكم الواجب لغيره كالمنذور وركعتي الطواف وقضاء نفل أفسده، أما الواجب لعينه فلا كراهة فيه
(Hashiya Tahtawi ‘Ala Maraqi al-Falah, p. 188, Publ. Beirut)
It is stated in Tabyin Al-Haqaiq:
كل ما كان واجبا لغيره كالمنذور وركعتي الطواف والذي شرع فيه، ثم أفسده ملحق النفل حتى لا يصليها في هذين الوقتين
(Tabiyin Al-Haqaiq, Chapter of Salah, Vol. 1, p. 87, Publ. Cairo)
The Salah which became Wajib-ul-I’ada because of leaving a Wajib act or committing a Makruh Tahrimi act is categorized as ‘Wajib Li-‘Ainihi’. That is why the jurists have permitted offering it after Fajr and ‘Asr. However, as mentioned before, if one doesn’t have the surety or Zann-e-Ghalib about leaving a Wajib or committing a Makruh Tahrimi act, rather he wants to repeat the Salah out of precaution, it will not be permissible to offer them after Fajr or ‘Asr as it is a Nafl and Nafl Salah can’t be offered at these times.
It is stated in al-Bahr al-Raiq and referring to it, it is stated in al-Shami:
فإن كان في وقت يكره التنفل بعد الفرض فمكروه كما بعد الصبح والعصر وإلا فإن كان لخلل في المؤدى فإن كان ذلك الخلل محققا إما بترك واجب أو بارتكاب مكروه فغير مكروه بل واجب وصرح به في الذخيرة وقال إنه لا يتناوله النهي وإن كان ذلك الخلل غير محقق بل نشأ عن وسوسة فهو مكروه
(Al-Bahr al-Raiq, Vol. 2, p. 67, Publ. Dar al-Kitab al-Islami)
The following question was asked in Fatawa Razawiyyah:
کیا فرماتے ہیں علمائے دین اس مسئلہ میں کہ افیونی کے پیچھے نماز جائز ہے یا نہیں ،اوراگر اس نماز کے پھیرنے کاحکم ہو، تو فقط ظہر وعشاء کی پھیری جائے یافجر وعصرومغرب کی بھی ،اور افیون کھانی کیسی ہے؟ افیونی فاسق مستحق عذاب ہے یا نہیں؟
Translation: What do the respected scholars of Islam say about this: Is it allowed to offer Salah behind an opium addict? If it is necessary to repeat the Salah offered behind him, should one only repeat the Zuhr and ‘Isha prayers or Fajr, ‘Asr, and Maghrib as well? Also, how is it to use opium? Is an opium addict a sinner and deserving of punishment or not?
Answering this, my master, A’la Hazrat Imam Ahmed Raza Khan stated:
”اور اگر ہوش میں ہو جب بھی اس کے پیچھے نماز ممنوع ہے:”لان الصلٰوۃ خلف الفاسق تکرہ کراھۃ تحریم کما حققہ فی الغنیۃ وغیرھا“کیونکہ فاسق کے پیچھے نماز مکروہ تحریمی ہے جیسا کہ اس مسئلہ کی تحقیق غنیہ وغیرہ میں کی ہے۔(ت)اگر پڑھ لی ہو، تو نما ز پھیرنی ضروری ہے ،اگرچہ فجرخواہ عصر خواہ مغرب کا وقت ہو”فان کل صلاۃ ادیت مع کراھۃ تحریم تعاد وجوبا کما فی الدر وغیرہ بل وکذا علی قول من قال بالتنزیہ فان الاعادۃ اکمال لاتنفل کما لایخفی وﷲ سبحٰنہ، وتعالٰی اعلم“ کہ ہر وہ نماز جو کراہت ِتحریمی کے ساتھ ادا کی گئی ہواس کا اعادہ واجب ہوتا ہے ،جیسا کہ درمختار وغیرہ میں ہے، بلکہ اس کے قول پر بھی یہی حکم ہے، جو اسے مکرہ تنزیہی قرار دیتا ہے، کیونکہ اعادہ ا کمال ہے، زائداور بے فائدہ نہیں ،جیسا کہ واضح ہے۔ واﷲ سبحانہ و تعالٰی اعلم (ت)۔“
Translation: If he (an opium addict) is sober at that time, even then it is prohibited to offer Salah behind him, “For indeed the Salah offered behind a Fasiq is Makruh Tahrimi, as was verified in al-Ghunyah and other books.” If one offered a Salah behind such, he must repeat it regardless of it being the time of Fajr, ‘Asr, or Maghrib, “because it is wajib to repeat every Salah offered as Makruh Tahrimi as mentioned in Durr al-Mukhtar and other books. Rather, the ruling is the same for those who consider it Makruh Tanzihi because repeating is done for perfection of the Salah and that cannot be considered extra as is obvious.” Allah, the pure and exalted knows best.
(Fatawa Razawiyyah, Vol. 6, pp 463-464, Publ. Raza Foundation, Lahore)
The Salah offered out of precaution is considered Nafl and this has been stated in Munyah al-Musalli, al-Fatawa al-Hindiyyah, and Hashiya al-Shalbi. The following words are from al-Munyah:
ومن اراد ان یقضی صلوات کلھا صلاھا ان کان لاجل نقصان دخلھا او کراھۃ فحسن والا فقیل لا یکرہ لانہ اخد بالاحتیاط الا بعدالفجر و العصر لانہ نفل ظاھرا وھو مکروہ بعدھما
(Ghunyah al-Mutamalli, p. 535, Publ. Quetta)
(Al-Fatawa Al-Hindiyyah, Vol. 1, p, 124, Publ. Dar al-Fikr)
(Hashiya al-Shalbi ‘Ala Tabyin al-Haqaiq, Vol. 1, p. 188, Publ. Cairo)
وَاللہُ اَعْلَمُ عَزَّوَجَلَّ وَرَسُوْلُہ اَعْلَم صَلَّی اللّٰہُ تَعَالٰی عَلَیْہِ وَاٰلِہٖ وَسَلَّم
(Allah Almighty knows best and His Messenger صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَاٰلِهٖ وَسَلَّم knows best.)
Answered By: Mufti Muhammad Qasim Attari
Ref No: Hab-0175
Date: 13th Safar al-Muzaffar, 1445 AH/ 19th August 2023
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